The Transformative Works Of Niccolo Machiavelli s The...

The transformative works Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince (1532) and Thomas More’s Utopia (1516) display vastly different opinions and perspectives on the relationship between virtue and politics, however some minor similarities between the two works can be noted. The Prince and Utopia create significant contributions to political theory offering different central claims on virtue and its relationship with politics. Another major point of difference between the two texts is the place that war has in their communities and whether war and an aggressive foreign policy is virtuous. Although, there are critical differences in the texts both authors agree that practicality is key in guiding principles about the relationship of virtue and†¦show more content†¦Contrastingly, More rejects the idea that rulers should abide by a different concept of virtue than citizens and puts forth the notion that politics and virtue have an intricate relationship with all members of s ociety. More, as a Christian humanist imbeds Christian ideals throughout Utopia. This statement at first seems inaccurate as the text focuses on moral reason and critiques the Christian society in which More lived. Yet, as More was a deeply committed Christian he was also a humanist focusing on the practicality of Christianity in individual lives such as morals and virtue not on rituals such as church attendance (Bradshaw 1984). Utopia uses communism and social engineering such as the carefully selected Priests educating children and reeducating criminals about the Utopian principles as a way of maintaining a society of consistent Christian virtue (Bradshaw 1984). The Prince and Utopia therefore differ in the underlying principles of virtue and its relationship with politics. One of the most notable differences between The Prince and Utopia is their opposing place that war has in their consideration of virtue. Machiavelli lists numerous men which he considers virtuous in The Prince and the common theme throughout all of the

Science Of Hereditary Transmission, Responsible For Self...

‘Genetics’ is the science of hereditary. Genes are the basic units of hereditary transmission, responsible for self-duplication and protein synthesis. Self-duplication occurs through mitosis (non-reproductive cells) and meiosis (reproductive cells). [2] Nativism and Empiricism are extreme theories in which they aim in trying to answer the question of â€Å"nature vs nurture†; which of these theories most influence/have the most impact on serial killers to do what they do, and to believe what they’re doing is right. The debate specifically focuses on individual differences, principally psychiatric disorders (for example, anxiety disorders or depression) or intelligence. [26] Those who go by the name of ‘Nativists’ believe in the extreme theory†¦show more content†¦Therefore it can be argued that characteristics which are not apparent or recognisable at birth, but begin to develop later on in life would be considered as the product of maturation. Maturation does not only help us to comprehend crucial biological alterations such as the physical changes in aging or puberty, but it also includes the multiple stage theories of development in which we presuppose that maturation is the sustaining factor for the universal sequence of stages.[2] The consequences of our learning is developed through infancy and childhood years, developed through psychological characteristics and behavioural variations. It entirely depends on how one is raised and the effect that the environment has on a child which governs the psychologically remarkable characteristics of child development. On the other hand, those who adopted the environmental position are called empiricists. The leading philosopher for empiricism was John Locke. He proposed the fundamental idea of empiricism and believed that at birth the human mind is tabula nasa (a â€Å"blank slate†) and is gradually filled as a consequence of primarily experience (e.g. behaviourism) and learning; the belief that knowledge cannot extend beyond experience because it is through experience in which you fully understand something; therefore all of our knowledge is built primarily off familiarity with

An Investigation into Childcare Industry in Australia

Question: Describe about An Investigation into Childcare Industry in Australia. Answer: Research Topic An investigation into childcare industry in Australia Reasons and methods by which this industry grows with time Background of the research topic This particular business proposal renders proper emphasis upon the research topic named as Child Care Centers in Australia (Zhouet al. 2014). For detailed analysis, this business research will be conducted for finding out potential data as well as information regarding childcare centers in major regions in Australia. This business research proposal intends in gathering information from set of potential investors for setting childcare centers in major regions of Australia (Zasket al. 2012). Business Significance It has been found that when the Commonwealth became involved directly with the funding of the childcare in the duration of 1970s, it puts emphasis on the services provisions for working and needy families (Yoonget al. 2015). The importance was on the child care andalso on the either or both of the parents who were working. However, it has been noted that with the passage of time, the direction and the philosophy of the childcare has transformed more towards the childcare services at various levels of subsidy to the both working and on-working parents and even to the less needy individuals. Therefore, it has been found that the investment in the childcare sector has become a vital factor as with the passage of time the demand for the childcare services and institutes have increased (Yoonget al. 2016). Research Questions Based on the problem statement, the research questions can be designed as follows: Why the childcare industry is continuously growing in Australia with the passage of time? In which regions of the country, people are mostly eligible for obtaining childcare based on their ages? Which part of the country Australia is most eligible for running the childcare centers efficiently? What is the income level that permits the adults to provide childcare to their children? What is the percentage level of individuals who are able to afford the childcare services in Australia? Literature Review As rightly put forward by Vanderloo (2014), Childcare centers firstly evolved with the intention for launching comprehensive programs with regard to learn those children aging between 0 to 5 years. In other words, this evolution of childcare centers taken place for more years for understanding needs of services. Therefore, it is important to understand that parents work hard in order to provide quality education to their children. It has been also noted in most of the cases where parents plans for pursuing their career and growing their children in disciplined way by taking assistance from childcare centers (Wolfendenet al. 2015). According to Vanderloo (2014), an insight into the history help in assisting people in gaining understanding in regard to present provisions along with benefits rendered by Government as well as affordability by residents. It has been noted that childcare centers was established at the time of Second World War. During Second World War, it is noted that the women of the country actively participated in the war as well as fought against enemies. Therefore, it can be argued that childcare centers were developed for looking after the children whose mother fought for the country. It is thereby noted that in later period, government of country joined hands for investing fund for childcare centers whereby feeds remains exempted especially for children (Vanderloo, Martyniuk and Tucker 2015). As opined by Vanderloo (2014), it has been noted that childcare centers varies largely from one community to other as identified by demand as we as history as distorted within passage of time. In other words, these are some of the variations depends upon given traditions involving Maria Montessori as well as Fredric Froebel. Therefore, within the passage of time, Common Wealth Government aims at setting required standard named as National Standards for Centre Based Long Day Care. This is in regard with Commonwealth funded aligning with National Childcare Accreditation Council monitoring the childcare centers (Tayleret al. 2013). As rightly put forward by Vanderloo (2014), there are number of agencies that provides potential information regarding childcare centers. In other words, this means attaining detailed information on data in regard with supply of care centers. It requires taking into consideration location and children who attains caring from children as well as taking developmental initiatives. This is for betterment of staff members who have employed after looking at the children regarding complex tasks (Soiniet al. 2014). The Australian Government subsidies implies the cost of childcare especially eligible for families in gaining Childcare benefits and Childcare rebates (Pateet al. 2016). This particular literature review emphasis upon analysis of childcare quality as well as affordability involving financial assistance, fees and costs gaining flexible approaches to childcare. It help in gaining time series of information as presented before for gauging the change in the childcare centers (Ohet al. 2014). Productivity Commission report identifies some of the access as well as affordability in major issues. It has been noted that Australian Government spends more than $ 7 billion for supporting families in getting access to quality as well as affordable childcare. In other words, it becomes important for the taxpayers resources spent best way enabling families for staying in work and get their children live better life in terms of education. On analysis, it has been noted that more than 1.57 million Australian Children attends the childcare centers (OConnoret al. 2016). As rightly put forward by Vanderloo (2014), rate of child care in Australia increased with more than 77% between the years 1996 to 2011. The proportion of children in formal care rising from 13.4% to 23.7%. In other words, it has been noted that Informal care provides more than 38.6% of children between the age of 12 by family or in case friends. Mostly, Grandparents take care for around 26% of all children. The Federal Government expects spending more than $ 7 billion on childcare in this particular financial year. In the budget papers, it has been viewed that more than $ 6 billion will be in childcare rebate as well as childcare benefits (Neilsen-Hewettet al. 2014). As opined by Vanderloo (2014), Childcare centers in Australia are majorly support from the scheme of straight federal childcare expenditure to families as well as operators. This is considered as National Quality Accreditation procedure as well as scheme of guaranteed wages and service conditions for personnel members. In accordance with Australia Workplace Relations Act, it majorly aims at creating National system enhancing employment standards for several industries as well as sectors (McDonald 2015). It involves childcare by bringing improvement in wages as well as other employment conditions after establishing from Australian Commission. These decisions can be established by gaining minimum guaranteed wages especially in childcare sector in regard with employer is commercial and non-profit sector(OConnoret al. 2016). In accordance with Employment Standards, these laws applies mainly childcare staff members in Australia and some wage subsidy funding. This is attaching with funding as well as industry-specific wage levels as well as benefits established in and around Australia (Mahonet al. 2012). From last past decades, this literature review has accumulated methods from early years of life especially for children (Kempet al. 2013). As per the research findings, it can be noted that these years are serious period for gaining intense knowledge for children. This enables providing basic base for later academic as well as social achievement. This means exploring writing on building complex association between developmental outcome as well as audience at early childhood learning and in that case concern program (Joneset al. 2015). For the children aged between 0 to 3 years, it means creating childcare setting in and around Australia. In other words, Attendance at childcare in initial 3 years of life for gaining no strong effects on cognitive as well as language development especially for children (Javanparastet al. 2012). These are the children who are disadvantaged at home as well as provided childcare for gaining high quality. It is important to understand the fact that Quality is key to success. This means poor quality of childcare was even found in producing deficits in language as well as cognitive function especially for young children. Most of the studies have identified that impact of quantity of child aged between 0 to 3 years olds were inconclusive in nature (Javanparastet al. 2013). This means studies reports better intellectual as well as improved independence and improved on bringing concentration at school entry. Major studies focus majorly on the reported low-rate learning abilities as well as i ncrease in elevated risk after developing antisocial behavior in the upcoming years(OConnoret al. 2016). It has been noticed that reported benefits of attendance should be high in quality in providing childcare services like less impulsivity as well as higher expressive terminology and greater report social competence. Therefore, children from underprivileged backgrounds majorly indicate greater gains while presence for high excellence childcare services (Ismail and Hanafi2015). For the children connecting the ages of 3 to 5 years, it is the situation within the preschool setting. In other words, this means stand-alone schools as well as day care conducting preschool programs reported for promoting cognitive as well as social development benefits for improved performance especially at specialized tests in early years of primary school (Hinkleyet al. 2016). In other words, number of months at the time of attending at preschool in relation with better intellectual development as well as improved independence concerning sociability attributes. It has been studied that longitudinal research indicates demonstrating efficiency of high superiority as well as paying attention preschool programs after reducing the effects of social disadvantage. This means developing the level of children communal capability as well as touching physical condition at the time of preparing children for successful transition at school (Hendersonet al. 2015). This means benefits were opt imized at the time when children from various social backgrounds attends same preschool programs. On the contrary, children living in disadvantaged communities are mostly not proficient in English and there is identification of Indigenous Children who are vulnerable and benefited from high quality preschool programs. These are the programs conduction for increasing the rate of attendance of vulnerable children at attending preschool programs that needs to be culturally sensitive in nature (Hinkley, Carson and Hesketh2015). As rightly put forward by Vanderloo (2014), from past decades it has been agreed that first years of life are the most critical period for gaining intense learning for children. In this particular literature review, major focus is on experiences of children in early childhood education as well as care as a result for policy initiatives and area investment at the same time(OConnoret al. 2016). These are the policy initiatives taken after viewing at the desire for improving labor participation rates for the mothers who should possess positive developmental as well as broader societal impacts. It can be easily viewed that evidence based policy as well as practice will help in measuring the effects of recent reforms especially for childcare centers in and around Australia (Gralton, McLaws and Rawlinson 2015). As opined by Vanderloo (2014), Australia invest more in early childhood programs as well as recognized in the year 2009 by Council of Australian Governments. As per National Early Childhood Development policy, it is mentioned that strategies articulates the vision that needs to be attained in the year 2020 whereby all kids have the best start in life as well as generate better future for themselves and for the country(OConnoret al. 2016). In other words, this type of initiatives will be supported by large body of research that demonstrates investing ways for supporting as well as strengthening all aspects of early childhood development. This majorly aims at bringing long-term benefits to children who uses the platform in living a better life in the entire community. It help in placing at high priority areas for developing system for meeting the need of key stakeholders like children, communities as well as parents and employers (Finchet al. 2015). As opined by Vanderloo (2014), Australian Government remained committed in the recent years in a series of National partnership agreements as well as reforming initiatives by increasing children participation in high quality education for children. This aim at focusing on increased participation of indigenous as well as disadvantaged children. This majorly resulted for carrying activities from variety of early day programs as well as policy changes in and around Australia. This targets areas involving universal access to high quality after implementing quality standards for childcare centers in Australia. Funding was done by successive governments for more than 15 hours of preschool in a year as under National Partnership Agreement for the year 2015 recognition (Finchet al. 2014). Australian Government mentioned in the 2014 Commission of Audit Report that it is recommended in replacing the childcare rebates as well as childcare benefits(Wolfendenet al. 2015). This aligns with single as well as tested families for families for helping ways for meeting costs of childcare. In other words, this means recommendations are implemented whereby childcare payment reforms as announced in the 2015 Budget. The key rationale of the study reveals Government assistance relying upon existence of community wise benefits. Most of the studies comments upon benefits stem like contribution towards attainment of enhanced as well as healthy child development(OConnoret al. 2016). Therefore, increased workforce participation of parents enables enough potential for boosting economic output as well as tax revenues in way to reduce long-term unemployment and reliance over welfare support and promoting social engagement. In other words, it reveals the equity access towards gaining developm ental opportunities during early childhood (Durkee, Bartrem, and Mller2016). This majorly help in overcoming disadvantages as well as attainment of longer term communal cost. This means improved transitioning of children in way of providing formal teaching system. This enables concentrated risk of harming to susceptible children present in the whole community. As opined by Vanderloo (2014), Government financial assistance continues for fueling uptake in childcare in the current years especially in formal care. In other words, Australian Governments subsidized more than 50% exceeding the maximum limit in case of approval care. This means increase in proportion of children of 5 years age or below(OConnoret al. 2016). This is in regard requires finding attributes of increased labor participation rate of women having younger children. This typically means playing major role in caring for children especially the younger children. This means accessing towards attaining affordable quality childcare in the workforce (Doddset al. 2014). Research Methodology The particular research work will be done based on the data and information that will be gathered from the secondary sources (Crawford et al. 2014). The secondary resources include the scientific articles, peer reviewed journals, related books, websites and many more. In addition to these, for this particular research study, the researcher can collect secondary information from financial statements and the census reports from the official sites of the organizations. Additionally, it can be said that the key data regarding the research topic can be gathered from the Department of Family and Community Services and from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (Zasket al. 2012). Data Collection and Analysis The various data and information will be gathered from the secondary resources and the researcher will study and correlate the information of the previous journals and articles with the present condition of the research topic (Cloughessy and Waniganayake2015). The specified researcher of this research study will intend to implement quantitative research methodologies along with accurate sampling, which generally permits the enumeration process (Breuniget al. 2013). Research Process Figure: The Process of the Research (Source: Created by Author) It is important to understand the fact where it is considered that Research Process as a synchronized process in way for data collection aligning with the research topic on Childcare centers in Australia. This research process will be picking up relevant attributes for researching for the research topic on Childcare centers in Australia (Bellet al. 2015). In the first step, the research will be defining the actual research idea aligning with the research topic on Childcare centers in Australia. This is the first requirement that help researchers translating research questions as required for future analysis (Zasket al. 2012). In the second step, the research will be explaining the research design. This is the next step that defines study of research design aligning with the research topic on Childcare centers in Australia(OConnoret al. 2016). This is the part including research methodologies such as Research Philosophy, Research Methods as well as Research Investigation. In other words, researchers needs to discuss regarding use of appropriate research methods used for conducting research aligning with the research topic on Childcare centers in Australia (Yoonget al. 2015). By explaining Research Philosophies, there are major three research philosophies named as Positivism, Interpretivism and Realism. In way of explaining each of the research philosophies, Positivism Philosophy refers as considering scientific data collection method aligning with the research topic on Childcare centers in Australia (Wolfendenet al. 2015). On the contrary, Interpretivism Philosophy refers as considering human emotional side of human beings in future course of action. The last type of research philosophy is the Realism explained as combined philosophies of Positivism and Interpretivism. It is thereby noted that Researchers will be using Positivism Philosophies at the time of conducting the research because data collection attributes are taken into consideration. Australian Governmental regulations on the research topic for Childcare centers in Australia has been analyzed by getting scientific data from websites(OConnoret al. 2016). In explaining the Research Methods, there are two broad categories named as Inductive Research Methods as well as Deductive Research Methods (Yoonget al. 2015). Researchers will be using deductive approach because Deductive approach concerns with testing theory. On the other hand, Inductive research method will be concerned with generating new theories emerging from given data(OConnoret al. 2016). In the third step, Researchers will be collecting data aligning with the research topic on Childcare centers in Australia (Zasket al. 2012). In the next step, researchers will be considering analyzing data in the most appropriate way. This means information will be gathered as collected from secondary sources of information such as census reports after use of marginal probability in payoff matrix. In the last step, Researchers will be concerned with the Publication Process. This means deciding for starting for writing paper and psychology manuscripts (Wolfendenet al. 2015). In this particular research on Childcare centers in Australia, Researchers will be using secondary sources of data such as academic journal articles, books and authentic websites. This is one of the process enabling understanding for data collection methods after using marginal probability analysis(OConnoret al. 2016). Data Sampling Method As opined by (Vanderloo (2014), Sample refers as the set of data acquired and selected from a given statistical population in proper course of action. In other words, various elements of a sample refers as sample points or in case sampling units especially for observation method. Researchers will be using probability sampling methods as selected from sample of given targeted population. On the contrary, Probability Sampling means one of the sampling techniques used from requisites of samples in providing constituent individuals in equal chances of targeted population. It requires utilizing ways by using probability methods whereby researchers will be funding number of people placing group range of individuals starting from 0 to 5 years(OConnoret al. 2016). As opined by (Vanderloo (2014), research intends in applying the marginal probability of two stated criteria placed in given locations. This should have highest scores after selecting the targeted sample of given study. After considering the Income Statement of Childcare Centers, Researchers will be selecting the most successful childcare centers in terms of given areas and available vacancies at the same time. This means non-availability of vacancy indicating increased demand as well as income generated childcare centers in and across Australia (Yoonget al. 2015). Therefore, information collected will be from various sources of Corporations as presented in the Financial Statement and other company literature depending upon the availability from websites. Discussion of Results After conducting the research, the results needs to be discussed at the final research project. This is a research proposal that discuses regarding the approaches that will be used by researchers for conducting the research on Childcare Centers in Australia (Zasket al. 2012). In this particular research, quantitative data collection methods has been used for bringing clear understanding of the research topic on Childcare centers in Australia. By adopting Quantitative data collection methods, it will be easy for conducting appropriate sampling and permitting the process of remuneration. This is because data has been collected from the financial statements of targeted population used in the research aligning with the research topic on Childcare Centers in Australia (Wolfendenet al. 2015). Discussion of Hypothesis As rightly put forward by Vanderloo (2014), there are research variable considering independent variables as well as dependent variables. This particular research takes into consideration the independent variables referring to the variable that can be easily altered by various experimenter and given effects. On the contrary, dependent variables will be enumerated after viewing at the overall effect of independent variables influencing the dependent variables. As far as present research is concerned, researchers will be selecting the location of childcare as independent variable and success factor as the dependent variables. On the contrary, Researchers will be conducting study whereby research aims in presenting an assessable prediction in association with outcome regarding the research. These prediction mainly contains independent variables affecting another dependent variable in given way (Yoonget al. 2015). Discussion of Literature and Research Results This particular research proposal illustrates the literature review explaining the theories used by Australian Governments at the time of implementing Childcare Centers in Australia. The entire research has been focused on understanding the children ranging from 0 to 5 years (Zasket al. 2012). This aged children requires the most guidance for study so that they can live a better life and serve the community and country in the near future. Proper parental care will help this aged group of children have better standard of living and basic etiquettes in life(OConnoret al. 2016). Recommendations It is recommended at the end of the study that the research proposal should be dealt with more in-depth analysis in gaining proper understanding aligning with the research topic on Childcare centers in Australia. Entire study explains the importance of Childcare Centers and significance in present world. Every Children should be provided with basic education so that there is reduced child labor and other attributes. On analyzing the research, Researchers should be able to manage the available time and come under collecting authentic information from Australian Websites regarding the Australian Governments. Project Milestone Sequential Activities/ Period Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 4 Week 5 6 Ideation Designing the research Collection of the requisite data Interpretation of the collected data Publication process Primary Mentor The head of the department (HOD) of the college is my prime mentor who helped me to understand the subject and also in doing this research project (Yoonget al. 2015). Conclusion and Future work At the end of the study, it is concluded that researchers will be finding more innovative ways so that they can conduct well-organized format as well as reducing the errors or mistakes as found in the present research on Childcare centers in Australia. It can also be kept in mind that researchers should involve in-depth analysis on the present research topic on Childcare centers in Australia. In other words, future scope of the study enables the researchers after arranging financial resources by making use of expensive methodologies and tools in an effective way. 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Zask, A., Adams, J.K., Brooks, L.O. and Hughes, D.F., 2012. Tooty Fruity Vegie: an obesity prevention intervention evaluation in Australian preschools.Health Promotion Journal of Australia,23(1), pp.10-15. Zhou, Y.E., Emerson, J.S., Levine, R.S., Kihlberg, C.J. and Hull, P.C., 2014. Childhood obesity prevention interventions in childcare settings: systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials.American Journal of Health Promotion,28(4), pp.e92-e103.